Do you know about - Elements of Culture
Masters In Marketing! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.Culture includes every part of life. The scope of the term culture to the anthropologist is illustrated by the elements included within the meaning of the term. They are:
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1. Material Culture-Technology, Economics
Material Culture is divided into two parts, technology and economics. Technology includes the techniques used in the creation of material goods; it is the technical know-how possessed by the population of a society. For example, the vast majority of U.S. Citizens understand the simple concepts involved in reading gauges, but in many countries of the world this seemingly simple thought is not part of their common culture and is, therefore, a major technical limitation.
Economics is the manner in which population hire their capabilities and the resulting benefits. Included in the branch of economics is the output of goods and services, their distribution, consumption, means of exchange, and the earnings derived from the creation of utilities.
Material culture affects the level of demand, the capability and types of products demanded, and their functional features, as well as the means of output of these goods and their distribution. The marketing implications of the material culture of a country are many. For example, electrical appliances sell in England and France but have few buyers in countries where less than 1 percent of the homes have electricity. Even with electrification, economic characteristics represented by the level and distribution of earnings may limit the desirability of products. Electric can openers and Electric juicers are acceptable in the United States, but in less-affluent countries not only are they unattainable and probably unwanted, they would be a spectacular waste because disposable earnings could be spent more meaningfully on better houses, clothing or food.
2. Collective Institutions- Collective organizations, Education, Political Structures
Social Institutions contain Collective organization, education, and political structures that are concerned with the ways in which population present to one another, invent their activities to live in harmony with one another, teach acceptable behavior to succeeding generations, and govern themselves. The positions of men and women in society, the family, Collective classes, group behavior, age groups and how societies define decency and civility are interpreted differently within every culture. In cultures where the Collective organizations corollary in close-knit family units, for example, it is more efficient to aim a promotion campaign at the family unit than at personel family members. Travel advertising in culturally divided Canada pictures a wife alone for the English audience but a man and wife together for the French segments of the population because the French are traditionally more closely bound by family ties.
Education, one of the most prominent Collective institutions, affects all aspects of the culture from economic development to consumer behavior. The literacy rate of a country is a potent force in economic development. Numerous studies indicate a direct link in the middle of the literacy rate of a country and its capability for rapid economic growth. Agreeing to the World Bank no country has been successful economically with less than 50 percent literacy, but when countries have invested in study the economic rewards have been substantial. Literacy has a profound affect on marketing.
It is much easier to present with a literate store than to one where the marketer has to depend on symbols and pictures to communicate. Each of the Collective institutions has an corollary on marketing because each influences behavior, values and the farranging patterns of life.
3. Humans and the universe-Belief systems
Within this class are religion (belief systems), superstitions, and their linked power structures. The impact of religion on the value systems of a community and the corollary of value systems on marketing must not be underestimated. Religion impacts people's habits, their outlook on life, the products they buy, the way they buy them, even the newspapers they read.
Acceptance of distinct types of food, clothing, and behavior are frequently affected by religion, and such affect can extend to the acceptance or rejection of promotional messages as well. In some countries, focusing too much attentiveness on bodily functions in advertisements would be judged immoral or improper and the products would be rejected. What might seem innocent and acceptable in one culture could be carefully too personal or vulgar in another. Such was the case when Saudi Arabian customs officials impounded a shipment of French perfume because the bottle stopper was in the shape of a nude female. Religion is one of the most sensitive elements of a culture. When the marketer has wee or no understanding of a religion, it is easy to offend, albeit unintentionally.
Superstition plays a much larger role in a society's confidence system in some parts of the world than it does in the United States. What an American might reconsider as mere superstition can be a indispensable aspect of a confidence system in an additional one culture. For example, in parts of Asia, ghosts, fortune telling, palmistry, head-bump reading, phases of the moon, demons, and soothsayers are all integral parts of distinct cultures. Astrologers are routinely called on in Thailand to conclude the best location.
4. Aesthetics-Graphic and Plastic arts, Folklore, Music, Drama, and Dance
Closely interwoven with the corollary of population and the universe on a culture are its aesthetics, that is, its arts, folklore, music, drama, and dance. Aesthetics are of singular interest to the marketer because of their role in interpreting the symbolic meanings of various methods of artistic expression, color, and standards of beauty in each culture. Customers everywhere acknowledge to images, myths, and metaphors that help them define their personal and national identities and relationships within a context of culture and goods benefits. The uniqueness of a culture can be spotted speedily in symbols having distinct meanings.
Without a culturally precise interpretation of a country's aesthetic values, a whole host of marketing problems can arise. goods styling must be aesthetically pleasing to be successful, as must advertisements and box designs. Insensitivity to aesthetic values can offend, originate a negative impression, and, in general, render marketing efforts ineffective. Strong symbolic meanings may be overlooked if one is not familiar with a culture's aesthetic values. The Japanese, for example, revere the crane as being very lucky for it is said to live a thousand years, however, the use of the estimate four should be avoided wholly because the word four, shi, is also the Japanese word for death.
5. Language
The significance of understanding the language of a country cannot be overestimated. The successful marketer must accomplish devotee communication, and this requires a acceptable understanding of the language as well as the capability to speak it. Advertising copywriters should be concerned less with distinct differences in the middle of languages and more with the idiomatic meanings expressed. It is not adequate to say you want to translate into Spanish, for instance, because, in Spanish-speaking Latin America the language vocabulary varies widely. Tambo, for example, means a roadside inn in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; in Argentina and Uruguay, it means a dairy farm; and in Chile, a tambo is a brothel. If that gives you a problem, reconsider communicating with the population of Papua, New Guinea. Some 750 languages, each distinct and mutually unintelligible, are spoken there.
Carelessly translated advertising statements not only lose their intended meaning but can recommend something very different, obscene, offensive, or just plain ridiculous. Language may be one of the most difficult cultural elements to master, but it is the most prominent to study in an endeavor to secure some degree of empathy. Many believe that to appreciate the true meaning of a language it is indispensable to live with the language for years. Whether or not this is the case, foreign marketers should never take it for granted that they are communicating effectively in an additional one language. Until a marketer can devotee the vernacular, the aid of a national within the foreign country should be enlisted; even then, the problem of efficient communications may still exist. One authority suggests that we look for a cultural translator, that is, a man who translates not only among languages but also among distinct ways of mental and among distinct cultures.
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